Head and neck cancer is cancer that originates in the head or neck region, not including thyroid or skin cancers. Several types of cancer are considered head and neck cancer:
- oral cancer
- salivary gland cancer
- laryngeal cancer
- hypopharyngeal tumors
- nasopharyngeal cancer
- tumors of the oropharynx
- tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Causes and Risk Factors for Head and Neck CancerRisk factors for head and neck cancer vary among the different types, but we know that tobacco use and alcohol consumption are the most significant risk. An estimated 85% of head and neck cancer diagnoses are related to alcohol and tobacco use. Other risk factors for head and neck cancer include:
- HPV infection
- asbestos exposure
- excessive, unprotected sun exposure
- prior radiation therapy treatments to the head and neck
- Espstein Barr virus infection
- wood or nickel dust inhalation
- chronic sinus infections that do not respond to treatment
- difficulty or pain when swallowing
- voice changes or hoarseness
- general pain in the neck, throat, jaw, or chin that does not go away
- ear pain, ringing in the ears, or trouble hearing
- sore, blister, or other lesion in or on the mouth that does not heal
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